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What is wastewater, and why treat it? Wastewater, often called effluent, is used water which contains substances such as human waste, food scraps, oils, soaps, and chemicals. In homes this includes water from sinks, showers, baths, toilets, washing machines, and dishwashers. Wastewater is full of contaminants like bacteria, chemicals, and other toxins, which have a negative impact on the environment and our health. This can include harm to fish and wildlife populations, oxygen depletion, and contamination of drinking water. Most of the water used by homes, businesses, and factories must the..