You may have heard the terms ‘waste management system’ and ‘septic tank’ before, but perhaps you are unsure what they actually are, how they work, and what benefits they offer. To help you understand, we’ve put together a helpful guide and answered all of the most common questions to do with septic tanks.
What is a septic tank?
A septic tank is an underground wastewater management system chamber that is often made of concrete, fiberglass or plastic. If you do not have a regular plumbing system in your home, you need to have an effective septic tank in place. A septic tank allows properties to treat wastewater on-site, thus providing an alternative to being connected to the main plumbing system. The system seperates solids from liquid waste, so that the resulting liquid can then be discharged into a drainage field. Having a waste management system on your property offers a number of benefits. This includes - the potential to save money on your utility bills, reduce your carbon footprint, and become self-sufficient without relying on the public plumbing systems.
How do they work?
A septic tank works by separating solids and other materials from the wastewater, so that the remaining liquid can be treated. Wastewater from your property, including food waste and sewage, enter the settlement chamber from one side. Any solids sink to the bottom of the tank and form a sludge. Other materials, like grease and oils, float to the top and form what is known as a scum layer. These can then be easily removed from the tank. Anaerobic processes also take place to reduce solids and harmful organics present in the wastewater.
Once this process is complete, the remaining liquid (known as effluent) leaves the tank and passes through a drainage field. This is a series of perforated pipes that act as a filtration system by removing any solids from the remaining liquid. The liquid is absorbed by the ground, to receive further treatment from the bacteria found in soil. The treated liquid can then be safely discharged into the environment and later join natural watercourses like streams and canals.
How much do they cost?
The cost of a septic tank will vary depending on the type and size of tank you choose. For example, a small tank could cost as low as £500, whereas a large tank would typically be in excess of £1,000. It is important to choose the correct size tank for your requirements by taking things like property size and occupancy into account. Choosing the incorrect size tank could cause your system to work less effectively, and may even lead to leaks and costly repairs. You should also factor into account installation and maintenance costs.
What maintenance is required?
Septic tanks need emptying at least once a year. This should always be done by a certified professional using the correct equipment for the job. You should also regularly inspect your tank to look for any warning signs, such as - visible damage to your outer tank such as cracks or dents, foul odours, and gurgling sounds coming from the systems pipes. If you notice any of these signs, then you should contact a septic tank professional straight away. It is extremely important that you never attempt to open or enter a septic tank yourself. The chemicals and toxins produced during the treatment process can be extremely dangerous and lead to serious injury and even death. You should therefore always consult with a certified professional before carrying out any work on your septic tank.
How are they installed?
There are two options available when it comes to installing a septic tank. The first option is to go down the DIY route and install the tank yourself. The second option is to hire a professional to carry out the work. Although the first option may seem cost-effective, it is important to remember that installation must be done correctly and in line with certain rules and regulations. The water that emerges from a septic tank must go through a drainage field for further treatment before it can be discharged into a watercourse. A drainage field must therefore be installed at the same time as the tank installation - this can be a lengthy and complex job. Hiring a professional is the best way to ensure that the installation is done correctly and meets the required environmental regulations.
